An extra mutation in an oncogene might induce the cell to breed additional speedily and even more often than its normal counterparts.
癌症是一组可影响身体任何部位的多种疾病的通称。使用的其它术语为恶性肿瘤和赘生物。癌症的一个决定性特征是异常细胞快速生成，这些细胞超越其通常边界生长并可侵袭身体的临近部位和扩散到其它器官。后者被称为转移。广泛转移是癌症死亡的主要原因。
第二步——增生，突变后的细胞及其后代看起来仍然正常，但它们繁殖过多，这种 情况被称为增生。数年后，百万分之一的细胞（粉色）遭受另一种突变，这种突变 进一步放松了对细胞生长的控制。
Radiation therapy is Employed in about 50 percent of scenarios. The radiation is usually possibly from interior resources (brachytherapy) or external sources. The radiation is most commonly reduced Vitality X-rays for treating pores and skin cancers, though bigger Electrical power X-rays are utilized for cancers throughout the body.[193] Radiation is typically employed Together with operation and/or chemotherapy.
Most cancers analysis can cause psychological distress and psychosocial interventions, including chatting therapy, may well assistance people with this.
第五步——浸润性癌，如果基因变化使肿瘤开始侵入下层组织，并使细胞脱落到血液或淋巴中， 则认为肿瘤已变成恶性肿瘤。癌变的细胞很可能在全身形成新的肿瘤（转移）；这些可能会因破坏重要器官而致命。
突发卫生事件 新闻和特写 疾病爆发新闻 情况报告 世卫组织在紧急情况下 数据
免疫療法是利用人體內的免疫機制來對抗腫瘤細胞。已經有許多對抗癌症的免疫療法在研究中。目前較有進展的就是癌症疫苗療法和單株抗體療法，而免疫細胞療法則是最近這幾年最新發展的治療技術。
The Dutch professor Francois de la Boe Sylvius, a follower of Descartes, thought that all ailment was the result of chemical processes Which acidic lymph fluid was the cause of most cancers. His present-day Nicolaes Tulp thought that cancer was a poison that bit by bit spreads and concluded that it had been contagious.[230]
神經膠質瘤：由神經膠質細胞變化成腫瘤，神經膠質細胞也是最主要的一種腦細胞類型。
On two December 2023, Nano Now printed a groundbreaking discovery involving "NK mobile-partaking nanodrones" for qualified cancer remedy. The event of "NK cell-engaging nanodrones" signifies a substantial step forward in cancer treatment, showcasing how reducing-edge nanotechnology and immunotherapy is often put together to focus on and get rid of cancer cells with unparalleled precision.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does indirectly trigger most cancers nevertheless it brings about immune deficiency that may Enlarge the danger as a result of other bacterial infections, often up to quite a few 癌症 thousandfold (in the case of Kaposi's sarcoma). Importantly, vaccination from the hepatitis B virus and also the human papillomavirus are actually demonstrated to just about reduce the potential risk of cancers because of these viruses in persons properly vaccinated prior to infection.
用醫學影像技術檢測癌症，也遭遇類似問題。這些醫學影像檢測技術都是成本相當高且耗費時間。由於偵測的靈敏度極高，常發現細胞病變（英语：incidentaloma），這樣的腫瘤也可以被認為惡性，而進行具有潛在危險性的治療方法。
Carcinoma: Cancers derived from epithelial cells. This group consists of many of the commonest cancers and involve almost all People from the breast, prostate, lung, pancreas and colon. These types of are on the adenocarcinoma sort, which suggests which the cancer has gland-like differentiation.